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Environmental Law Journal becomes part of Scielo Chile
The publication edited by the Environmental Law Center will be part of an open access collection of Chilean scientific journals in all areas of knowledge.
The Environmental Law Journal, edited by the Environmental Law Center of the Law School of the University of Chile, was admitted to be part of the SciELO - Chile Scientific Electronic Library.
SciELO - Chile is an open access collection of texts from Chilean scientific journals, from all areas of knowledge, which predominantly publish articles resulting from scientific research, and which uses peer review of the manuscripts they receive, which show a growing performance in the indicators of compliance with the indexing criteria.
"We are very pleased with this recognition, which is the result of an effort of continuous improvement of the editorial processes developed by the editorial team, which has resulted in the growing increase in the quality of the articles published over the years," said the director of the Journal, Prof. Valentina Durán Medina, adding "we are grateful for the support of the Faculty, which through its Dean, Prof. Pablo Ruiz-Tagle, and the Journals Program of the Research Department, headed by Prof. Daniel Álvarez, has provided permanent support to the work of the journal."
"Once the collaboration agreement between the Faculty of Law of the University of Chile and the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) is signed, the full incorporation of the journal to this collection will take place, starting in 2022" explained the editor Jorge Ossandón Rosales.
This good news is in addition to the admission, in 2020, of the Environmental Law Journal to the SCOPUS database.
As a result, in 2022 the Environmental Law Journal will already be indexed in Scopus, Redib, DOAJ and Latindex, in addition to ScIELO, with the support of SISIB and the Journals Program of the Research Department of the Law School of the Universidad of Chile.
It should be noted that Issue 16 of this biannual journal will be published on December 31.
The theory of differentiation of the United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change and human rights
Authors
-
Aníbal Acevedo Esbeile
Independent researcher
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-5289
Abstract
Climate change is a multifaceted phenomenon. On one hand, its adverse effects affect negatively the full enjoyment of human rights by all; and on the other, it constitutes a dilemma of asymmetry, due to the inversely proportional relation that exists between the level of contribution, and the vulnerability to its adverse effects. It was due to said context, that the international community devised a series of rules —United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change— that would serve as the basis for the adoption of future agreements whose fundamental objective would be to deal with not only the phenomena itself, but also with the asymmetries that are inherent to it. At the center of said agreements we can find the ‘theory of differentiation’, whose first iteration greatly taxed developed nations in comparison to their counterparts; and whose second iteration would completely abandon said scheme in favor of a more flexible one based on principles. This research finds itself at the intersection between those developments and its implications for the full enjoyment of human rights by all.Keywords:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, human rights, human rigths, theory of the differentiation, climate changeReferences
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Barnett, Jon, y Saffron O’Neill (2010). «Maladaptation». Global Environmental Change 20(2): 211-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.11.004.
Bodansky, Daniel (2016). «The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement». RECIEL Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 25 (2): 142150. DOI: 10.1111/reel.12154.
Boyle, Alan (2018). «Climate Change, the Paris Agreement and Human Rights». International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67 (4): 759-777. DOI: 10.1017/ S0020589318000222.
Brunnée, Jutta y Stephen J. Toope (2010). Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511781261.
Caney, Simon (2010). «Markets, Morality and Climate Change: What, If Anything, Is Wrong with Emissions Trading?». New Political Economy 15 (2): 197-224. DOI: 10.1080/13563460903586202.
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (2018). Natural Disaster 2017. Disponible en bit.ly/3pcNddw.
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2011). Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 16º período de sesiones, celebrado en Cancún del 29 de noviembre al 10 de diciembre de 2010. Disponible en bit.ly/3neiM61.
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Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2014). Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 19º período de sesiones, celebrado en Varsovia del 11 de noviembre al 23 de noviembre de 2013. Disponible en bit.ly/37diM0D.
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2015a). Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 20º período de sesiones, celebrado en Lima del 1 al 14 de diciembre de 2014. Disponible en bit.ly/3pk1SUe.
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Fleurbaey, Marc, Sivan Kartha, Simon Bolwig, Yoke Ling Chee, Ying Chen, Esteve Corbera, Franck Lecocq, Wolfgang Lutz, Maria Silvia Muylaert, Richard Norgaard, Chukwumerije Okereke y Ambuj Sagar (2014). «Sustainable Development and Equity». En Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (pp. 283-350). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en bit.ly/3mkv3oA.
Gupta, Sujata, Dennis A. Tirpak, Nicholas Burger, Joyeeta Gupta, Niklas Höhne, Antonina Ivanova Boncheva, Gorashi Mohammed Kanoan, Charles Kolstad, Joseph A. Kruger, Axel Michaelowa, Shinya Murase, Jonathan Pershing, Tatsoyoshi Saijo y Agus Sari (2007). «Policies, Instruments and Co-Operative Arrangements». En Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (pp. 745-807). Cambridge and New: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en bit. ly/2JQB8fj.
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Kandzior, Angelika (2016). «Indigenous People and Forests». En Tropical Forestry Handbook (pp. 3.311-3.343). Berlin: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_269.
Levy, Barry S. y Jonathan A. Patz (2015). «Climate Change, Human Rights, and Social Justice». Annals of Global Health 81 (3): 310-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.008.
Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine y Matthieu Wemaëre (2012). «After Durban, what Legal Form for the Future International Climate Regime?» Carbon & Climate Law Review 6 (3): 187-196. Disponible en bit.ly/2WCMnuu.
Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine (2016). «The Paris Agreement: A New Step in the Gradual Evolution of Differential Treatment in the Climate Regime?». RECIEL Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 25 (2): 151160. Disponible en bit.ly/3rntz0n.
Nations, James, y Daniel Komer (1983). «Central America’s Tropical Rainforests: Positive Steps for Survival». Ambio 12 (5): 232-238. Disponible en bit.ly/2KOiNzp.
Olsen, Karen (2007). «The clean development mechanism’s contribution to sustainable development: a review of the literature». Climatic Change 84 (1): 59-73. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-007-9267-y.
Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) (2008). Compilation of general comments and general recommendations adopted by human rights treaty bodies. Disponible en bit.ly/3mhg2Ue.
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA) (2015). Climate Change and Human Rights. Disponible en bit.ly/2LloWTV.
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA) (2017). The Emissions Gap Report 2017. A UN Environment Synthesis Report. Disponible en https://bit.ly/3oKLhZr.
Rajamani, Lavanya (2012). «The changing fortunes of differential treatment in the evolution of international environmental law». International Affairs 88 (3): 605623. Disponible en bit.ly/346yHfn.
Sands, Philippe, Jacqueline Peel, Adriana Fabra y Ruth. MacKenzie (2018). Principles of International Environmental Law. 4.ª ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/9781108355728.
Savaresi, Annalisa (2012). «The Human Rights Dimension of REDD». RECIEL Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 21 (2): 102-113. Disponible en bit.ly/3mhgv8W.
Sherwood, S.C., M.J. Webb, J.D. Annan;, K.C. Armour, P.M, Forster, J.C. Hargreaves, G. Hegerl, S.A. Klein, K.D. Marvel, E.J. Rohling, M. Watanabe, T. Andrews, P. Braconnot, C.S. Bretherton, G.L. Foster, Z. Hausfather, A.S. von der Heydt, R. Knutti, T. Mauritsen, J.R. Norris, C. Proistosescu, M. Rugenstein, G.A. Schmidt, K.B. Tokarska, M.D. Zelinka (2020). «An assessment of Earth’s climate sensitivity using multiple lines of evidence». Reviews of Geophysics, 58 (4): 1-92. DOI: 10.1029/2019RG000678.
Schneider, Lambert (2007). Is the CDM Fulfilling Its Environmental and Sustainable Development Objectives? An Evaluation of the Cdm and Options for Improvement. Disponible en bit.ly/37Yk1Qz.
Shue, Henry (1993). «Subsistence Emissions and Luxury Emissions». Law & Policy 15 (1): 39-60. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9930.1993.tb00093.x.
Voigt, Christina (2014). «Equity in the 2015 Climate Agreement: Lessons from Dif ferential Treatment in Multilateral Environmental Agreements». Climate Law 4 (1-2): 50-69. DOI: 10.1163/18786561-00402005.
Voigt, Christina, & Felipe Ferreira (2016). «Dynamic Differentiation: The Principles of CBDR-RC, Progression and Highest Possible Ambition in the Paris Agreement». Transnational Environmental Law 5(2): 285-303. DOI: 10.1017/S2047102516000212.
Wolfrum, Rüdiger (2012). The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF (2010). «NGOs call for strong safeguards in efforts to halt deforestation to help address climate change». Disponible en bit. ly/3oINKDV.
Arts, Karin (2017). «Inclusive sustainable development: a human rights perspective». Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 24: 58-62. DOI: 10.1016/j. cosust.2017.02.001.
Banco Mundial (2013). Human Rights and Climate Change: A Review of the International Legal Dimensions. DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8720-7.
Barnett, Jon, y Saffron O’Neill (2010). «Maladaptation». Global Environmental Change 20(2): 211-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.11.004.
Bodansky, Daniel (2016). «The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement». RECIEL Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 25 (2): 142150. DOI: 10.1111/reel.12154.
Boyle, Alan (2018). «Climate Change, the Paris Agreement and Human Rights». International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67 (4): 759-777. DOI: 10.1017/ S0020589318000222.
Brunnée, Jutta y Stephen J. Toope (2010). Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511781261.
Caney, Simon (2010). «Markets, Morality and Climate Change: What, If Anything, Is Wrong with Emissions Trading?». New Political Economy 15 (2): 197-224. DOI: 10.1080/13563460903586202.
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (2018). Natural Disaster 2017. Disponible en bit.ly/3pcNddw.
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2011). Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 16º período de sesiones, celebrado en Cancún del 29 de noviembre al 10 de diciembre de 2010. Disponible en bit.ly/3neiM61.
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2012). Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 17º período de sesiones, celebrado en Durban del 28 de noviembre al 11 de diciembre de 2011. Disponible en bit.ly/2WckU2m.
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2014). Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 19º período de sesiones, celebrado en Varsovia del 11 de noviembre al 23 de noviembre de 2013. Disponible en bit.ly/37diM0D.
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2015a). Informe de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre su 20º período de sesiones, celebrado en Lima del 1 al 14 de diciembre de 2014. Disponible en bit.ly/3pk1SUe.
Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) (2015b). Grupo de Trabajo Especial sobre la Plataforma de Durban para una Acción Reforzada. Disponible en bit.ly/37ZO4aE.
Consejo de Derechos Humanos (2009). Informe Anual del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos e informes de la oficina del Alto Comisionado y del secretario general. Disponible en bit.ly/3qTpWiD.
Consejo de Derechos Humanos (2012). Informe del Experto Independiente sobre la cuestión de las obligaciones de los derechos humanos relacionados con el disfrute de un medio ambiente sin riesgos, limpio, saludable y sostenible, John H. Knox. Disponible en bit.ly/3a5r1O5.
Consejo de Derechos Humanos (2015). Human rights and the environment. Disponible en bit.ly/348z7ls.
Consejo de Derechos Humanos (2018). Informe del Relator Especial sobre la cuestión de las obligaciones de derechos humanos relacionados con el disfrute de un medio ambiente sin riesgos, limpio, saludable y sostenible. Disponible en bit.ly/3ni0W2b.
Drew, Jacqueline M. y Michael E. Drew (2010). «Establishing additionality: fraud vulnerabilities in the clean development mechanism». Accounting Research Journal 23 (3): 243-253. DOI: 10.1108/10309611011092574.
Fleurbaey, Marc, Sivan Kartha, Simon Bolwig, Yoke Ling Chee, Ying Chen, Esteve Corbera, Franck Lecocq, Wolfgang Lutz, Maria Silvia Muylaert, Richard Norgaard, Chukwumerije Okereke y Ambuj Sagar (2014). «Sustainable Development and Equity». En Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (pp. 283-350). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en bit.ly/3mkv3oA.
Gupta, Sujata, Dennis A. Tirpak, Nicholas Burger, Joyeeta Gupta, Niklas Höhne, Antonina Ivanova Boncheva, Gorashi Mohammed Kanoan, Charles Kolstad, Joseph A. Kruger, Axel Michaelowa, Shinya Murase, Jonathan Pershing, Tatsoyoshi Saijo y Agus Sari (2007). «Policies, Instruments and Co-Operative Arrangements». En Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (pp. 745-807). Cambridge and New: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en bit. ly/2JQB8fj.
Hepburn, Cameron (2007). «Carbon Trading: A Review of the Kyoto Mechanisms». Annual Review of Environment and Resources 32: 375-393. Disponible en bit. ly/37kTcHj.
Humphreys, Stephen (2009). «Introduction: Human Rights and Climate Change». En Stephen Humphreys (editor), Human Rights and Climate Change (pp.1-34). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511770722.
IPCC (2007). Cambio Climático 2007: Informe de Síntesis. Contribución de los Grupos de Trabajo I, II y III al 4to Reporte de Evaluación del IPCC. Disponible en bit. ly/3nPnDeo.
IPCC (2018). Global Warming of 1.5 °C. Disponible en bit.ly/381KNrc.
Kandzior, Angelika (2016). «Indigenous People and Forests». En Tropical Forestry Handbook (pp. 3.311-3.343). Berlin: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_269.
Levy, Barry S. y Jonathan A. Patz (2015). «Climate Change, Human Rights, and Social Justice». Annals of Global Health 81 (3): 310-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.008.
Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine y Matthieu Wemaëre (2012). «After Durban, what Legal Form for the Future International Climate Regime?» Carbon & Climate Law Review 6 (3): 187-196. Disponible en bit.ly/2WCMnuu.
Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine (2016). «The Paris Agreement: A New Step in the Gradual Evolution of Differential Treatment in the Climate Regime?». RECIEL Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 25 (2): 151160. Disponible en bit.ly/3rntz0n.
Nations, James, y Daniel Komer (1983). «Central America’s Tropical Rainforests: Positive Steps for Survival». Ambio 12 (5): 232-238. Disponible en bit.ly/2KOiNzp.
Olsen, Karen (2007). «The clean development mechanism’s contribution to sustainable development: a review of the literature». Climatic Change 84 (1): 59-73. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-007-9267-y.
Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) (2008). Compilation of general comments and general recommendations adopted by human rights treaty bodies. Disponible en bit.ly/3mhg2Ue.
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA) (2015). Climate Change and Human Rights. Disponible en bit.ly/2LloWTV.
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA) (2017). The Emissions Gap Report 2017. A UN Environment Synthesis Report. Disponible en https://bit.ly/3oKLhZr.
Rajamani, Lavanya (2012). «The changing fortunes of differential treatment in the evolution of international environmental law». International Affairs 88 (3): 605623. Disponible en bit.ly/346yHfn.
Sands, Philippe, Jacqueline Peel, Adriana Fabra y Ruth. MacKenzie (2018). Principles of International Environmental Law. 4.ª ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/9781108355728.
Savaresi, Annalisa (2012). «The Human Rights Dimension of REDD». RECIEL Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 21 (2): 102-113. Disponible en bit.ly/3mhgv8W.
Sherwood, S.C., M.J. Webb, J.D. Annan;, K.C. Armour, P.M, Forster, J.C. Hargreaves, G. Hegerl, S.A. Klein, K.D. Marvel, E.J. Rohling, M. Watanabe, T. Andrews, P. Braconnot, C.S. Bretherton, G.L. Foster, Z. Hausfather, A.S. von der Heydt, R. Knutti, T. Mauritsen, J.R. Norris, C. Proistosescu, M. Rugenstein, G.A. Schmidt, K.B. Tokarska, M.D. Zelinka (2020). «An assessment of Earth’s climate sensitivity using multiple lines of evidence». Reviews of Geophysics, 58 (4): 1-92. DOI: 10.1029/2019RG000678.
Schneider, Lambert (2007). Is the CDM Fulfilling Its Environmental and Sustainable Development Objectives? An Evaluation of the Cdm and Options for Improvement. Disponible en bit.ly/37Yk1Qz.
Shue, Henry (1993). «Subsistence Emissions and Luxury Emissions». Law & Policy 15 (1): 39-60. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9930.1993.tb00093.x.
Voigt, Christina (2014). «Equity in the 2015 Climate Agreement: Lessons from Dif ferential Treatment in Multilateral Environmental Agreements». Climate Law 4 (1-2): 50-69. DOI: 10.1163/18786561-00402005.
Voigt, Christina, & Felipe Ferreira (2016). «Dynamic Differentiation: The Principles of CBDR-RC, Progression and Highest Possible Ambition in the Paris Agreement». Transnational Environmental Law 5(2): 285-303. DOI: 10.1017/S2047102516000212.
Wolfrum, Rüdiger (2012). The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF (2010). «NGOs call for strong safeguards in efforts to halt deforestation to help address climate change». Disponible en bit. ly/3oINKDV.
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