Las respuestas del Sistema Interamericano durante la pandemia por COVID-19: El desarrollo de los derechos humanos verdes en casos de pueblos originarios a nivel nacional y regional
Autores/as
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Maria Antonia Tigre
Global Network for the Study of Human Rights and the Environment
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-1958
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Alice Kasznar
Raoul Wallenberg Institute
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-6420
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Alexandra Harrington
Albany Law School
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-7281
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Natalia Urzola
Global Network for the Study of Human Rights and the Environment
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-2915
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Astrid Bernal
Global Network for the Study of Human Rights and the Environment
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-472X
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Hayley Evans
Global Network for the Study of Human Rights and the Environment
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-024X
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Amy Van Der Kleyn
Coram Legal Center
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-5131
Resumen
Latinoamérica es frecuentemente considerada la región más desigual del mundo. Esta desigualdad no está limitada a una diferencia socioeconómica, sino que también es vista a través de las disputas en el acceso a la naturaleza, tierras y los recursos naturales. La pandemia de Covid-19 ha intensificado vulnerabilidades preexistentes, experimentadas por comunidades especialmente susceptibles a la degradación ambiental, profundizando la desventaja socioeconómica. Enfrentados a retos relacionados con la implementación nacional de ciertos conceptos y prácticas del Estado de derecho, así como la falta de acceso a mecanismos de compensación adecuados a nivel nacional, los demandantes regionales han acudido al Sistema Interamericano como árbitro de abusos a los derechos humanos. La jurisprudencia reciente tanto de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos como de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha ampliado el objeto de los derechos reconocidos e infringidos por los Estados parte, particularmente en el ámbito de los asuntos ambientales, derechos de los recursos naturales, y derechos de las comunidades vulnerables y marginadas. De especial importancia es el desarrollo que la Corte Interamericana ha realizado en lo que respecta a la interdependencia de los derechos humanos verdes en los casos de pueblos indígenas. En este contexto, la pandemia de Covid-19 provee una oportunidad para analizar las tendencias legales existentes y en construcción, en un contexto en que el Sistema Interamericano se ha convertido en un escenario conveniente para abordar los asuntos emergentes sobre derechos humanos y medio ambiente. Este artículo aborda esta jurisprudencia revisando casos recientes que han sido llevados a la Comisión.Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Derecho a un medio ambiente sano, Sistema interamericano de protección de los derechos humanos, Derechos indígenas, Derecho al aguaReferencias
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