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Litigación climática en la libre competencia: la sustentabilidad en la metáfora de la espada y el escudo
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Resumen
La integración entre sustentabilidad y libre competencia ha sido uno de los tópicos de debate contingente en los últimos años dentro del derecho de competencia. Dentro de este nuevo entendimiento, naturalmente surgen tensiones con la normativa de competencia cuando agentes económicos, a través de acuerdos, conductas, acciones o estrategias de negocios en favor de la sustentabilidad, generan riesgos a la competencia, ya sea por el contacto cercano entre competidores derivado de un acuerdo sustentable, una posición dominante (o abusando de ella) en la existencia de alternativas verdes, o una operación de concentración en un mercado con iniciativas sustentables. Por esta misma razón, es que desde el control de competencia se abre una ventana para que iniciativas que generen tanto daños como beneficios en sustentabilidad puedan ser evaluadas desde las instituciones clásicas de la rama y leídas desde el rol que adquiere la litigación climática en alcanzar mercados más sustentables tras la verificación de algún efecto nocivo en sustentabilidad. En virtud de lo anterior, es que el presente articulo pretende presentar una serie de instituciones propias del derecho de la libre competencia, pero en versión sustentable, exponiendo por un lado mecanismos de impugnación de prácticas insostenibles, y por el otro de protección sobre aquellas iniciativas sustentables, en ambos casos frente la normativa de libre competencia dentro del marco de las tácticas, estrategias y precedentes que caracterizan a la litigación climática dentro de esta área. La revisión y análisis se realiza a través del desarrollo de la metáfora doctrinal del “sword & shield” (espada y escudo), y cómo esta permea en las principales instituciones de la libre competencia (conductas coordinadas, conductas unilaterales y operaciones de concentración).Palabras clave:
litigación climática , sustentabilidad , regulación , derecho de la competenciaCitas
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