Litígios climáticos no direito da concorrência: a sustentabilidade através da metáfora da espada e do escudo
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Resumo
A integração entre sustentabilidade e livre concorrência tem sido um dos temas de debate contingente nos últimos anos no âmbito do direito da concorrência. Dentro deste novo entendimento, as tensões com o direito da concorrência surgem naturalmente quando os agentes económicos, através de acordos, condutas, acções ou estratégias empresariais em prol da sustentabilidade, geram riscos para a concorrência, seja através do contacto próximo entre concorrentes derivado de um acordo sustentável, de uma posição dominante (ou abusiva) na existência de alternativas verdes, ou de uma operação de concentração num mercado com iniciativas sustentáveis. Por esta mesma razão, o controlo da concorrência abre uma janela para que iniciativas que gerem tanto danos como benefícios em sustentabilidade possam ser avaliadas a partir das instituições clássicas do ramo e lidas a partir do papel que o contencioso climático adquire na obtenção de mercados mais sustentáveis após a verificação de algum efeito nocivo para a sustentabilidade. Em virtude do exposto, o presente artigo visa apresentar uma série de institutos do direito da livre concorrência, mas numa versão sustentável, expondo, por um lado, mecanismos de impugnação de práticas insustentáveis e, por outro, de proteção de iniciativas sustentáveis, em ambos os casos contra o direito da livre concorrência, no quadro das tácticas, estratégias e precedentes que caracterizam o contencioso climático nesta área. A revisão e análise é efectuada através do desenvolvimento da metáfora doutrinária da “espada & escudo”, e como esta permeia os principais institutos da livre concorrência (condutas coordenadas, condutas unilaterais e operações de concentração).Palavras-chave:
litígio climático , sustentabilidade , regulação , direito da concorrênciaReferências
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